Ⅰ段作为引子，兼有吸引读者和启发读者的作用。以理发店标志性的物品吸引读者兴趣。并且简明扼要提出观点：理发店在美国文化中占有特殊地位，从而引导读者思考到底理发店在有什么样的地位。

Ⅷ①What can a man’s salon mean? ②They’re not signs of a disintegrating bygone culture of manhood. ③Rather, they signify a transformation of white, well-to-do masculinity. ④In the past, the barbershop was a place for these men. ⑤Today, while the old model may thrive in black or up-and-coming neighborhoods, white professional men are seeking a pampered experience elsewhere.

词汇短语

9. *unfetter ['n'fet] v. 解放

Ⅴ①In some white gentrifying neighborhoods, however, the barbershop is actually making a comeback. ②A Journalist writes that these new barbershops primarily act as places where men can channel a form of masculinity that supposedly existed unfettered in the “good old days.” ③Sensory pleasures are central to the experience: The smell of talcum powder, the cool burn of aftershave and the site of shaving mugs help men to grapple withwhat it means to be a man at a time when traditional definitions of masculinity are in flux.

(The Gentrification of the Barbershop. By Kristen Barber. Augest 9th, 2016. The New Republic.)

Ⅳ①At the same time barbershops are closing, men’s salons are popping up across the country. ②They cater tomen, providing them with high-endservices that include hot towel facials and hand-detailing. ③They’re more expensive than the average barbershop or chain store, have sleek contemporary decor and aren’t exactly conducive tohanging out and socializing.

点评：本文从社会学的角度解读美国理发店变化这一现象，展现出美国阶级分割日益严重的问题。文章可以分为三个层次。

（注：标*的为超纲词）

点评：Ⅲ段正式接招，回应Ⅰ段，明确理发店的特殊地位：是男性社交、建立社区联系的重要场所。

Ⅵ①But these new, repackaged barbershops come at a cost, charging much more than the usual $12 for a haircut—a price point that will exclude a huge swath of male consumers.

翻译：社会学家认为理发店很有意思，因为这里还是传统上男人和同伴消磨时光，没有女人在场时建立建立亲密关系的场所。许多客人甚至会每天顺路造访，只是为了和他们的理发师谈谈天，聊聊新闻或者下下棋。这些地方创建起真实的社区，而社区对健康和幸福很重要。

Ⅱ①But numbers show that barbershops are dwindling. ②According to census data, from 1992 to 2012 we saw a 23 percent decrease in barbershops in the United States.

翻译：以红白蓝条纹柱、黑色人造革椅子、直剃刀为特色的理发店在美国文化中占有特殊地位。

点评：Ⅴ-Ⅶ段分析重新包装的理发店的本质和社会意义。

Ⅶ①And so, in a place that engages tensions between ideas of nostalgic masculinity and a new sort of progressive man, we may very well see opportunities for social equality fallby the wayside.②The hipster phenomenon, after all, is a largely white one that appropriates symbols of white working-class masculinity without really giving up class privilege.

Ⅳ①At the same time barbershops are closing, men’s salons are popping up across the country. ②They cater tomen, providing them with high-endservices that include hot towel facials and hand-detailing. ③They’re more expensive than the average barbershop or chain store, have sleek contemporary decor and aren’t exactly conducive tohanging out and socializing.

Ⅴ①In some white gentrifying neighborhoods, however, the barbershop is actually making a comeback. ②A Journalist writes that these new barbershops primarily act as places where men can channel a form of masculinity that supposedly existed unfettered in the “good old days.” ③Sensory pleasures are central to the experience: The smell of talcum powder, the cool burn of aftershave and the site of shaving mugs help men to grapple withwhat it means to be a man at a time when traditional definitions of masculinity are in flux.

珍藏版：?cv=t6T4QvHUPI&sm=3f5526

Ⅷ段①句作为过渡句和段落主旨句，提出问题：男士沙龙意味着什么？②③句以“不是——而是”的逻辑说明（精致的）男士沙龙并不代表男子气概的消失，而是富裕阶层换了另外的方式展现男子气概。④⑤句今夕对比，过去富人和穷人一样光顾理发店，如今的理发店只留在贫穷的黑人社区，富裕的白人却走向更高级的沙龙去追求更奢侈的体验。

Ⅱ①But numbers show that barbershops are dwindling. ②According to census data, from 1992 to 2012 we saw a 23 percent decrease in barbershops in the United States.

Ⅸ①And they’re creating intimate relationships in these new men’s salons. ②But instead of immersing themselves in single-sex communities of men, they’re often building one-on-one confidential relationships with women hair stylists. ③Stylists often explained this intimacy as part of their jobs. ④For white men with financial means, though, the men’s salon becomes an important place where they can purchase the sense of connection they may otherwise be missing in their lives.[482 words]

Ⅰ-Ⅳ段介绍美国理发店的变化和社会学价值。

翻译：但是数据显示，理发店的数量正在逐渐减少。根据普查资料，1992到2012年间，美国的理发店数量减少了23%。

15. *nostalgic [n'stldk]adj. 怀旧的

16. fall by the wayside 半途而废

8. channel [tnl] v. 引导

3. high-end高档

点评：Ⅳ段回应Ⅱ段，①句解释数量减少的原因：被男士沙龙取代。②③句介绍新式沙龙和传统理发店的区别：服务更多、收费更高、装潢更好、目的不是为了社交。

Ⅴ段介绍新现象：中产阶级白人社区的理发店似乎在复苏。介词短语In some... 限定事件发生的地点，white gentrifying说明是中产阶级的白人社区，隐含之义是黑人社区并没有这种现象。②句援引一位记者的描述，指明其功能的变化：成为中产阶级怀旧的场所。③句用嗅觉、触觉、视觉等感官细节支持理发店已经变成重温男子气概的场所。这种体验的核心是sensory pleasures（感官愉悦）和Ⅲ段中理发店forming close relationships（建立亲密关系）的功能完全不同。

Ⅲ①Sociologists find barbershops fascinating because they’ve also traditionally been places where men spend time with other men, forming close relationships with one another in the absence of women. ②Many patrons will even stop by daily to simply chat with their barbers, discuss the news or play chess. ③A real community is created in these places, and community is important to health and well-being.

20. *bygone [bagn] adj. 过去的

7. *gentrify [dentrfa]v. 使中产阶级化

基础版：?cv=eH8fgMcFdL&sm=57d980

翻译：因此，在充满怀旧的男子气概和新式进步男性矛盾的地方，我们很可能看到社会平等的机会半路夭折。毕竟，嬉皮士现象主要是白人的，只是盗用了工人阶级白人男子气概的符号，却没有真的放弃阶级特权。

点评：Ⅵ段进一步说明这种重新包装的理发店的本质和过去不同。作者用 new, repackaged 修饰barbershops说明这些理发店虽然名称没变，但是内核已经变了。much more than the usual $12 for a haircut说明此处消费价格很高，不是普通的理发的场所。exclude a huge swath of male consumers和第三段的stop by daily形成鲜明的对比，越加显现其高冷气质。

黄皮书18版真题系列也有现货啦

点评：Ⅱ段并没有紧接上段揭示理发店的特殊地位(special place)，而是先插入了理发店在美国的现状：数量逐渐减少。前两段接连扔出两大问题，逐渐蓄势，将读者胃口吊足。

翻译：而且他们在这些新的男士美发沙龙创建亲密关系。但是不是把自己沉浸在只有男性的单一性别群体中，而是经常和女性发型师建立一对一的信任关系。发型师常常解释说，这种亲密行为是工作的一部分。 不过，对于有钱的白人男性来说，男士美发沙龙成为一个重要的地方，在这里他们可以买到生活中或许失去的联系感。

Ⅶ①And so, in a place that engages tensions between ideas of nostalgic masculinity and a new sort of progressive man, we may very well see opportunities for social equality fallby the wayside.②The hipster phenomenon, after all, is a largely white one that appropriates symbols of white working-class masculinity without really giving up class privilege.

17. *hipster ['hpst] n. 嬉皮士

11. burn [b:n] n. 烧痕

点评：Ⅶ段深入解读理发店回归的社会意义：这种回归并非是社会平等的表现。①句中that引导的定语从句修饰a place, 说明这种理发店的服务内容是nostalgic masculinity，服务的对象是progressive man。 理发店的数量在不断减少，中产阶级投向高级沙龙，但是突然出现一股回流，似乎中产阶级也开始光顾理发店，这种回升之势表面上给人以社会平等的希望，但是深究之下才发现是中产阶级才能享受的场所，故使用fall by the wayside（to fail to continue半途而废）表现出希望升起——希望破灭的落差。②句用历史上嬉皮士运动类比这种表层草根，内核小资的理发店现象。the hipster phenomenon指美国上世纪60年代很多穿得像流浪汉，生活简朴的嬉皮士其实来自白人富裕家庭，他们并非抛弃了自己的阶级，只不过是暂时体验不一样的生活而已。这里讽刺仍旧在光顾理发店的中产阶级男性和过去的嬉皮士一样，并非真的放下阶级优越性，只是想要体验下层工人阶级（working-class）男子气概而已。