But then on the other side of that line, we have all the jobs that require some capability that we perceive as being uniquely human, and these are the jobs that we think are safe. Now, based on what I know about the game of Go, I would've guessed that it really ought to be on the safe side of that line.But the fact that it isn't, and that Google solved this problem, suggests that that line is going to be very dynamic. It's going to shift, and it's going to shift in a way that consumes more and more jobs and tasks that we currently perceive as being safe from automation.

But the bottom line here is that I really think that solving these problems, and especially finding a way to build a future economy that works for everyone, at every level of our society, is going to be one of the most important challenges that we all face in the coming years and decades.

.2.

So I would say, let's not structure things that way. Instead, let's pay people who graduate from high school somewhat more than those who simply drop out. And we can take that idea of building incentives into a basic income, and maybe extend it to other areas. For example, we might create an incentive to work in the community to help others, or perhaps to do positive things for the environment, and so forth. So by incorporating incentives into a basic income, we might actually improve it, and also, perhaps, take at least a couple of steps towards solving another problem that I think we're quite possibly going to face in the future, and that is, how do we all find meaning and fulfillment, and how do we occupy our time in a world where perhaps there's less demand for traditional work?

I'm going to guess that most of you have probably never heard of the Triple Revolution report, but this was a very prominent report. It was put together by a brilliant group of people -- it actually included two Nobel laureates -- and this report was presented to the President of the United States, and it argued that the US was on the brink of economic and social upheaval because industrial automation was going to put millions of people out of work. Now, that report was delivered to President Lyndon Johnson in March of 1964. So that's now over 50 years, and, of course, that hasn't really happened.And that's been the story again and again.

现在，基本收入已经成为一个非常重要的概念。它吸引了大量的关注，有很多重要的试点项目和实验在全世界范围内进行。我自己的观点是，基本收入不是万灵药;它并不一定是一种即插即用式的解决方案，但我们可以以此作为开始。这是一个我们可以建立和完善的基础想法。举个例子，我写了很多关于把明确的激励因素纳入基本收入的可能性。为了说明这一点，想象一下你是一个苦苦挣扎的高中生。想象一下，你有辍学的危险。但是，假设你知道在未来的某一时刻，无论如何，你将得到和其他人一样的基本收入。现在，在我看来，这就产生了一种非常不合理的激励，让你放弃学业，然后辍学。

这一警告已多次被提起，但它始终是一个错误的警告。而因为这一直是一个错误的警告，它导致人们产生了一种惯性思维——从本质上说，是的，技术可能摧毁整个产业。它可能会毁掉整个行业和相关工作类型。不过与此同时，进步也会带来全新的东西。所以未来会有新的产业出现，当然，这些产业也必须得雇佣员工。所以肯定会有新的工作出现，只不过这些工作对于今天的我们来说可能是无法想象的。但到目前为止，这都是一个猜想，一个积极的猜想。

未来威胁人类工作的三大趋势

当然，所有这些都将给社会结构造成极大的压力。除此之外，还有一个根本的经济问题，因为就业是主要的社会机制，它将收入分配给所有购买我们生产的产品和服务的消费者。

蓝领和白领的工作都将受到影响

In order to have a vibrant market economy, you've got to have lots and lots of consumers that are really capable of buying the products and services that are being produced. If you don't have that, then you run the risk of economic stagnation, or maybe even a declining economic spiral, as there simply aren't enough customers out there to buy the products and services being produced.